Volubilis, a significant Roman-era settlement near Meknes, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nearby, Moulay Idriss Zerhoun is an important pilgrimage site. Fez, Morocco’s second-largest city, was founded in the 8th-9th centuries under Idrisid rule. It evolved through successive empires, with the Almoravids uniting its settlements into Fes el-Bali. During the Marinid era, Fez became the political capital, adding madrasas, mosques, and the Mellah (Jewish quarter) in Fes el-Jdid. **Highlights of Fez**: – **Madrasas**: Al-Qarawiyyin (859), Saffarin (1271), and Cherratine (1670) exemplify its religious significance. – **City Walls & Gates**: Historic gates like Bab Mahrouk, Bab Guissa, and Bab Ftouh reflect Fez’s fortified legacy. – **Forts & Kasbahs**: Kasbahs like An-Nouar and Cherarda reinforced the city’s defenses. – **Tanneries**: Traditional leather tanning methods, unchanged for centuries, are a major tourist draw. – **Gardens**: Jnane Sbile, created in the 19th century, and palace gardens like Agdal enhance the city’s charm. – **Funduqs**: Inns such as Funduq al-Najjariyyin (18th century) and Funduq Staouniyyin serve as cultural and architectural landmarks. – **Historic Palaces**: Residences like Dar Batha, now a museum, and Dar Belghazi highlight Fez’s rich history. Fez remains a vibrant symbol of Morocco’s historical and cultural heritage.